Cloze Test 1:
The large number of natural disasters within a few days in
late September has led to two assumptions. First, we
are experiencing more natural calamities today (1) ever before, and
second, the distribution of disasters (2) unequal. A
UN report studied natural disasters (3) 1975 and
2007 found that not only is the (4) of
catastrophes increasing because of climate change and environmental (5) but
also that the brunt of tragedies is borne (6) poor countries least equipped to deal
with such (7). It is true that some countries are
disaster-prone but some (8) Japan for example have managed to overcome
their geographical disadvantages. (9) to UN estimates, equivalent populations
in the Philippines and Japan (10) the same number of cyclones each year
but 17 times more people perish in the Philippines than in Japan. In same ways
natural disasters give developed economies
an excuse for technological improvement while in
poorer ones it feeds a vicious cycle —since they are
constantly struggling to recover from natural calamities
they cannot afford the disaster prevention measures
needed.
1. 1) as 2) than 3) not 4) of 5) since
2. 1) being 2) are 3) often 4) is 5) seem
3. 1) after 2) prior 3) between 4) separating 5) affecting
4. 1) response 2) dances 3) occurring 4) damage 5) frequency
5. 1) degradation 2) protection 3) detriment 4) audit 5) summit
6. 1) of 2) by 3) with 4) for 5) on
7. 1) calm 2) misbelieve 3) misfortunes 4) faith 5) mistake
8. 1) inspite 2) even 3) since 4) how 5) like
9. 1) Thanks 2) Comparing 3) Similar 4) According 5) Linked
10. 1) endure 2) incite 3) enjoys 4) trigger 5) encountersor
Cloze Test 2:
Hundreds of plants and animals are (1) every day due to
deforestation and urbanization. What might happen if this continues in the
future? The last mass extinction of plant and animal species occurred 65 million
years ago with the dinosaurs. In all, five mass extinctions have occurred and
scientists (2) earth is in the sixth mass extinction. The world as it is
now is threatened, including people, who are responsible for earth’s (3). Pesticides contaminating water; overharvesting
of animals and plants; air pollution; illegal fishing and the clearing of land
are direct results of urbanization and deforestation. People have (4) and
damaged almost half of earth’s land, at a very unsustainable rate. Global
warming is having a serious impact as well. A six-degree Celsius increase in
global temperature killed 95% of all species on Earth 251 million years ago. An
increase of six-degree Celsius is forecast this century if a change is not made
to (5) the damage done to earth. Humans will be one of the 95% of species
lost. Noticeable, changes of global warming include migration (6) and
the change in season timings. Migrating birds are migrating earlier which in
turn is causing them to hatch eggs and (7) young earlier than they did
at the beginning of this century. While this is just the tip of the iceberg
many other (8) regarding the extinction of plant and animal species need
addressing. It is more important now than ever before to pull our heads out of
the sand and make changes for the (9) of the earth. Future generations are
(10), as they are a species as well.
1. 1) killing 2) alive 3) born 4) left 5) lost
2. 1) speak 2) told 3) estimation 4) believe 5) consider
3. 1) shape 2) development 3) deterioration 4) warmth 5) expansion
4. 1) altered 2) created 3) produced 4) made 5) brought
5. 1) void 2) dissipate 3) augment 4) reverse 5) increase
6. 1) delay 2) birds 3) slowdown 4) hasten 5) acceleration
7. 1) spare 2) bear 3) destroy 4) amend 5) generation
8. 1) animals 2) difficulty 3) issues 4) humans 5) problem
9. 1) extinction 2) better 3) wealth 4) stigma 5) demand
10. 1) endangered 2) threaten 3) evaluated 4) living 5) compared
Cloze Test 3:
Passage 79
India has become, in purchasing power parity terms, the fourth
largest economy in the world. India’s economic (1) since 1980 has been
among the (2) rapid. Although India managed its one incipient crisis in the
early 1990s, it avoided the catastrophic losses (3). While many (4) that
exposing India’s economy to global competition would reveal India’s economic (5)
it has rather revealed strengths and often unexpected strengths in new
areas no planner would have (6) of. India is increasingly taking its (7)
on the global stage and in international forums as a 21st-century superpower.
The generations of politicians and policy makers who have been (8) of
leading India to where it is today can be justifiably (9) of the transformation.
But achievements create new (10) , two of which are improving service
delivery, particularly to the poor, through greater accountability and
expanding the benefits of rapid growth—across sectors, regions, and people.
1. 1) decline 2) policy 3) crisis 4) treaty 5) growth
2. 1) several 2) very 3) most 4) much 5) so
3. 1) end 2) deterioration 3) thus 4) together 5) elsewhere
4. 1) asked 2) feared 3) think 4) spoke 5) believe
5. 1) growth 2) space 3) gain 4) weakness 5) void
6. 1) questioned 2) dreamed 3) arranged 4) plan 5) wanted
7. 1) matter 2) place 3) life 4) generation 5) mark
8. 1) part 2) issues 3) humans 4) figment 5) thought
9. 1) worried 2) angry 3) honoured 4) distinguished 5) proud
10. 1) impossibilities 2) evaluations 3) challenges 4) comparison 5)
dangers
Cloze Test 4:
Passage 80
The world is witnessing food price turbulence again. A bad drought
in Russia, rising demand in the US and developing countries, and Pakistan’s
blighted crop prospects after its floods are keeping prices of commodities such
as cereals, sugar, oil and meat high. The Food and Agriculture Organization’s
monthly food price (1) is heading north. India is not (2) from
this problem even at the best of times. For the week that ended on 11
September, food prices (as (3) by the Wholesale Price Index) rose by
15.86%. Given the robust demand for foodstuffs, a time of price volatility
calls for a careful look at the “design” issues surrounding food supply
management. At times, even huge food stocks are not able to (4) rising food
prices. The fault lies in how food is released to traders by government
agencies such as the Food Corporation of India (FCI). This problem is apart
from FCI’s high carrying cost of foodgrains. But this is not the problem at (5).
For example, under the open market sales scheme (OMSS) a fixed quantity of
grain, usually in multiples of 10 metric tonnes, is sold to traders, flour
mills and other buyers when supplies are (6) or there is price
volatility. But a combination of price rigidity, terms of sale and the quantity
sold under OMSS defeats its purpose. One reason for this is the large volume in
the hands of very few individual buyers. This (7) to perverse economic
incentives. Often, the grain sold under this scheme winds up back with food (8)
agencies because of price differentials (the price at which it is sold and
the prevailing market price). This has been observed many times in states as
diverse as Punjab and Uttar Pradesh. If the number of buyers is (9) and
the quantity sold to each buyer reduced, or the price fixed but the amount of
grain that can be bought kept flexible, these problems can be (10). This
makes for a sensible menu of options. But it needs careful implementation. And
if, for some reason, changes are required to suit (11) conditions in
different states, the economic logic behind these ideas should not be lost (12)
of.
1. 1) index 2) state 3) scheme 4) rate 5) value
2. 1) affected 2) above 3) immune 4) away 5) separate
3. 1) developed 2) increased 3) reported 4) measured 5) handled
4. 1) arrest 2) identify 3) find 4) slow 5) stop
5. 1) this 2) juncture 3) all 4) best 5) hand
6. 1) nil 2) short 3) plenty 4) enough 5) least
7. 1) rises 2) leads 3) gives 4) is 5) jumps
8. 1) hoarding 2) storing 3) supply 4) producing 5) procurement
9. 1) controlled 2) promoted 3) constant 4) increased 5) decreased
10. 1) neglected 2) solve 3) overcome 4) indicated 5) highlighted
11. 1) good 2) local 3) all 4) similar 5) bad
12. 1) weight 2) look 3) value 4) sight 5) significant
ANSWERS:
Cloze Test 1:
1. 2 2. 4 3. 3 4. 5 5. 1 6. 2 7. 3 8. 5 9. 4 10. 1
Cloze Test 2
1. 5 2. 4 3. 3 4. 1 5. 4 6. 5 7. 2 8. 3 9. 2 10. 1
Cloze Test 3
1. 5 2. 3 3. 5 4. 2 5. 4 6. 2 7. 2 8. 1 9. 5 10. 3
Cloze Test 4
1. 1 2. 3 3. 4 4. 1 5. 5 6. 2 7. 2 8. 3 9. 3 10. 3 11.
2 12. 4
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