Cloze
Test 1:
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act,
2009, which came (1) effect in April this year, is meant to transform
the education sector and take India closer to the goal of universal schooling.
But with admissions to the new academic session just (2) the corner, it
is fast becoming clear that (3) well-intentioned ideas into (4) will
take some doing. For a start, the guidelines for admissions under the RTE
prohibit schools from conducting any sort of student profiling. The stress on a
random yet justifiable admission process means that schools will have to resort
to something as quirky as a lottery system. However, leaving admission to a
good school to pure (5) will only incentivise manipulations, defeating
the very essence of RTE. The main problem facing the education sector is that
of a resource crunch. The provisions for ensuring universal access to education
are all very well, (6) we have the infrastructure in place first.
Brick-and-mortar schools need to precede open admission and not the (7) way
around. In that sense, legislators’ assessment of ground realities is (8) target
when they endorse the closure of tens of thousands of low-cost private schools
for not meeting the minimum standards of land plot, building specifications and
playground area as laid out in the RTE Act. Instead of bearing down (9)
on private schools for failing to conform to abstract bureaucratic criteria,
efforts to bring about universal education should focus on upgrading and
expanding the existing government school infrastructure to accommodate all.
Only then can we ensure the muchneeded supply-demand (10) in the
education sector.
1. 1) with 2) for 3) on 4) into 5) in
2. 1) around 2) near 3) into 4) about 5) reaching
3. 1) forming 2) translating 3) having 4) taking 5) framing
4. 1) affect 2) ideas 3) practice 4) concept 5) procedure
5. 1) benefit 2) merit 3) chance 4) basis 5) method
6. 1) unless 2) until 3) executed 4) provided 5) exercised
7. 1) other 2) any 3) two 4) differ 5) after
8. 1) on 2) of 3) often 4) taken 5) off
9. 1) soft 2) more 3) less 4) only 5) hard
10. 1) need 2) equilibrium 3) expectation 4) attempt 5) aspects
Cloze
Test 2:
(1) a country
needs money for a development project, what can it do? It can (2) to the
World Bank or Asian Development Bank for aid. A country with a foreign currency
problem can ask the International Monetary Fund for (3). However, (4)
there is no way out for a country which has shortage of food. The country
cannot (5) import the food if it is rare like pulses which are grown
only by a few countries. In such cases the problem is more (6). This
situation has led experts to suggest the (7) of establishing a World
Agricultural Bank. The food situation today is serious since production is not
keeping (8) with demand. The World Agricultural Bank can therefore be
established by member-countries who have to (9) both capital as well as
surplus food to the Bank. The stocks would form a corpus which would be used to
assist members in (10) of distress.
1. 1) Though 2) Supposed 3) Unless 4) That 5) When
2. 1) appeals 2) go 3) approach 4) solicit 5) requests
3. 1) backing 2) helping 3) solution 4) assistants 5) relieve
4. 1) simply 2) during 3) fact 4) presently 5) while
5. 1) attempt 2) yet 3) even 4) try 5) start
6. 1) address 2) acute 3) declined 4) achievable 5) prohibited
7. 1) object 2) implementation 3) knowledge 4) advice 5) idea
8. 1) up 2) ahead 3) paced 4) line 5) tune
9. 1) demand 2) share 3) benefit 4) contribute 5) fund
10. 1) controls 2) combats 3) times 4) needs 5) areas
Cloze
Test 3:
Recently the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) (1)
separate reports on poverty. The World Bank report (2) its benchmark
of extreme poverty by 25 cents from $1 per person per day to $1.25 per person a
day. The ADB announced an even (3) benchmark of $ 1.35 per person a day.
These new benchmarks are (4) on surveys in the world’s poorest
countries. Experts often like to (5) that poverty has declined because
of economic growth in India and China. This is wrong and (6). In the
past twenty-five years the poverty rate in India has (7) by less than
one percentage point a year. (8) we use a poverty line of $1 per person
per day or $1.25 per person per day makes little (9). The number of poor
in India is large. The purpose of these statistics is not to dispute them but
to (10) whether the benefits of economic growth are being shared with
the poor.
1. 1) declared 2) released 3) print 4) issue 5) publish
2. 1) heightened 2) announced 3) raised 4) maintained 5) notified
3. 1) better 2) significant 3) plausible 4) higher 5) lower
4. 1) based 2) collected 3) inferred 4) derived 5) gathered
5. 1) realise 2) claim 3) discover 4) recommend 5) criticize
6. 1) adverse 2) opposing 3) corrupt 4) rejected 5) misleading
7. 1) deplete 2) plunge 3) declined 4) weaken 5) fell
8. 1) Unless 2) Despite 3) Instead 4) Whether 5) Regardless
9. 1) difference 2) effect 3) contrast 4) question 5) option
10. 1) acknowledge 2) suggest 3) care 4) inspire 5) study
Cloze
Test 4:
Technology (1) lives. But (2) if people want it to.
This qualification is important, and (3) to understanding progress. Akio
Morita, the founder of Sony, used to make inventions not by writing code but by
making minute, detailed studies of (4) people lived their lives. It is
observable that when he relinquished direct involvement in product development
at the company in the 1980s, Sony seemed to lose its (5) of developing a
truly radical invention like the Walkman that the world takes to en masse.
However much it seems that machines are in (6), they are not. Yet the
belief that technology alone holds the key to (7) the way people work,
buy, and do business is strong. The rise of dotcoms in the late 1990s was (8)
by a belief that technology was changing the rules of marketing and
employee relationships. This is not to say there have been no changes in the
new economy; but that they (9) to appear where technology makes it (10)
for people to communicate with each other, or have been unrelated to the
technology. The dynamic is still a human one.
1. 1) ruins 2) changes 3) makes 4) explains 5) shakes
2. 1) not 2) occasionally 3) seldom 4) only 5) never
3. 1) key 2) primarily 3) encouraging 4) supported 5) disastrous
4. 1) why 2) where 3) when 4) whether 5) how
5. 1) share 2) profit 3) knack 4) business 5) plant
6. 1) progress 2) control 3) action 4) operation 5) transition
7. 1) encroaching 2) accomplishing 3) determining 4) highlighting 5)
informing
8. 1) govern 2) successful 3) underlying 4) disputed 5) accompanied
9. 1) tend 2) cease 3) fail 4) refuse 5) avoid
10. 1) essential 2) laborious 3) tough 4) easier 5) awkward
ANSWERS:
Cloze
Test 1
1. 4 2. 1 3. 2 4. 3 5. 3 6. 4 7. 1 8. 5 9. 4 10. 2
Cloze
Test 2
1. 5 2. 2 3. 1 4. 4 5. 3 6. 2 7. 5 8. 1 9. 4 10. 3
Cloze
Test 3
1. 2 2. 3 3. 4 4. 1 5. 2 6. 5 7. 3 8. 4 9. 1 10. 5
Cloze
Test 4
1. 2 2. 4 3. 1 4. 5 5. 3 6. 2 7. 3 8. 5 9. 1 10. 4
No comments:
Post a Comment